River Halda
River Halda

Bangladesh is a riverine country and more than 700 rivers are present in this country (BFRI, 2007). In ancient time river was the main source of fishes from where people consume and mitigate their demand. Fishes bred and live in river without facing problems. There are four stock of Indian major carps are found in our country; these are Padma (Ganga), Zamuna (Brahmmaputra), Meghna (Barak) and Halda. Ganga stock in Bihara of India Brahmmaputra in Asam and Barak stock in Tipaimukh of Asam. Only the stock of Halda are in Bangladesh.

This river Halda originates from the hills of Ramgor in the district of Khagrachhari and It flows through Fatikchhari Upazila, Hathazari Upazila, Raozan Upazila and Chittagong Chandgaon Thana before falling into the Karnaphuli River.  It is very important because in this subcontinent as well as our country pure fertilized eggs of Indian major carps have been found only in this river. It also have an enormous diversity of fishes and 71 species of fishes are available here from where 15 species have already extinct and most of them are in vulnerable situation. A checklist of fishes found in Halda river and their present status are given here-
 

Sl No.

Family & Scientific name

Local name

English name

Present status in Halda

Cyprinidae:
1 Mola (মলা) Pale carplet LP
2 Bani koksa (বানী কোকসা) Barred baril EX
3 Katla, Katol (কাতলা) Indian major carp LP
4 Chep chela (চেপ চেলা) Silver hachet LP, VU
5 Mrigel (মৃগেল) Indian major carp LP
6 Napti (নাপতী) Dangila danio LP, VU
7 Darkina (দারকিনা) Flying barb LP
8 Gharpuiya (ঘরপুঁইয়া) Gotyla EX
9 Rui (রুই) Indian major carp LP
10 Kalibaus (কালিবাউস) Indian major carp LP, VU
11 Ghonia (ঘনিয়া) Indian major carp LP, VU
12 Bhangon bata (ভাঙ্গন বাটা) Mnor carp LP, VU
13 Koti (কটি) Depalee/Dhela LP, VU
14 Tit punti (তিতপুঁটি) Tic-Tac-Toe barb LP
15 Jatpunti (জাতপুঁটি) Spotfin swamp barb LP, VU
16 Teriputi (তেরীপুঁটি) One spot barb LP, VU
17 Leijja darkina (লেইজ্জা দারকিনা) Scissortail rasbora LP, VU
18 Jat punti (জাতপুঁটি) Spotfin swamp Barb
19 Jaya, Peali (পিওলি, জয়া) Jaya
20 Gutum, Puiya (গুতুম, পুঁইয়া) Peppered loach
21 Silver Carp (সিল্ভার কার্প) Silver Carp
22 Carpu, Carphu (কার্পিও) Common Carp
23 Grass Carp (গ্রাস কার্প) Grasscarp, White Amur
Psilorhynchidae
24 Balitora (বালিতোরা) Baleetora minnow LP, VU
Siluridae
25 Boali pabda (বোয়ালি পাবদা) Silurid catfish LP, VU
26 Madhu pabda (মধু পাবদা) Silurid catfish LP, VU
27 Boal (বোয়াল) Freshwater shark LP, VU
Bagridae
28 Guilla, Nona tengra (গুইল্লা/নোনা টেংরা) Long-whiskered catfish LP, VU
29 Gulsha tengra (গুলশা টেংরা) Bagrid catfish LP, VU
30 Bujuri tengra (বুজুরী টেংরা) Bagrid catfish LP
31 Tengra (টেংরা) Bagrid catfish LP
32 Aair (আইর) Long-whiskered catfish LP, VU
33 Guijja aair (গুইজ্জা আইর) Bagrid catfish EX
Schilbeidae
34 Shilong (শিলং) Schielbid catfish LP, VU
35 Kajoli (কাজলি) Schielbid catfish LP
36 Bacha (বাচা) Schielbid catfish LP, VU
37 Garua, Gaura (গাউরা/গারুয়া) Schielbid catfish LP, VU
38 Batasi (বাতাসি) Schielbid catfish LP, VU
Pangasiidae
39 Pangas (পাংগাস) Pangus catfish EX
40 Ariidae
41
  • Arius arius (Hamilton)
Mad, Kanta (মাদ/কাঁটা) Threadfin sea catfish EX
42
  • Arius caelatus (Valenciennes)
Mad, Kanta (মাদ/কাঁটা) Engraved catfish LP, VU
43
  • Arius Maculatus (Thunbreg)
Mad, Kanta (মাদ/কাঁটা) Spoted catfish LP, VU
44 Kanta vukha (কাঁটা ভুখা) Ariid catfish EX
Notopteridae
45 Foli (ফলি) Gray featherback LP, VU
46 Chital (চিতল) Featherback LP, VU
Clupidae
47 Kachki (কাচকি) Ganges-river-sprat LP, VU
48 Chapila (চাপিলা) Herring LP, VU
49 Ghoni chapila (ঘনি চাপিলা) Herring EX
50  Ilish,   Ilsha(ইলিশ River shad, Hilsa shad
Gobiidae
51
  • Apocryptes bato (Hamilton)
Chiring (চিরিং) Goby LP
52 Bele (বেলে) Tank goby LP, VU
53
  • Parapocryptes batoides (Day)
Cheua, Chiring (চেওয়া/ চিরিং) Goby EX
54
  • Boleopthalmus boddarti (Pallas)
Dahuk (ডাহুক) Mudskipper LP
55
  • Pogonogobius planifrons (Day)
Baila (বাইলা) Goby EX
56
  • Periopthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas)
Dahuk (ডাহুক) Mudskipper LP, VU
57
  • Awaous stamineus (Valenciennes)
Bele (বেলে) Scribbled Goby LP, VU
58 Nona baila (নোনা বাইলা) Golden-banded Goby EX
59
  • Oxyurichthys microlepis (Bleeker)
Chiring (চিরিং) Arrowfin GobyChiring
60
  • Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton)
Baila (বাইলা) Knight Goby
Engraulidae
61
  • Thryssa mystax (Schneider)
Phasa (ফ্যাসা) Moustached thryssa LP
62
  • Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes)
Phasa (ফ্যাসা) Dussumier’s thryssa LP
63 Phasa (ফ্যাসা) Gangetic hairfin anchovy LP, VU
64 Teli phasa (তেলী ফ্যাসা) Scaly hairfin anchovy LP, VU
Nandidae
65 Meni, Veda (মেনি/ভেদা) Mud perch EX
Mugilidae
66 Parse bata (পারশে বাটা) Goldspot mullet LP, VU
67
  • Liza tade (Forskal)
Gol bata (গোল বাটা) Tade grey mullet LP, VU
Cobitidae
68 Rani, Putul (রানী/পুতুল) Loach LP, VU
69 Dari (দারি) Loach LP, VU
70 Dari (দারি) Loach LP, VU
Gobioididae
71
  • Odontamblyopus rubcundus (Hamilton)
Lal cheua (লাল চেওয়া) Rubicandus eel Goby LP, VU
Trypauchanidae
72 Sada cheua (সাদা চেওয়া) Burrowing Goby LP
Dorosomidae
73
  • Anodostoma chacunda (Hamilton)
Koipunti, Chakunda (কইপুঁটি/চাকুন্দা) Short nose gizzard shad EX
Eleotridae
74 Bud bila, Kuli kalo (বুদ বাইলা/কুলি কালো) Sleeper/Dusky sleeper LP, VU
75
  • Butis melanostigma (Bleeker)
Kalo baila, Kuli (কালোবাইলা/কুলি) Blackspot sleeper EX
Platycephalidae
76
  • Platycephalus indicus L.
Morbaila (মোরবাইলা) Flathead LP, VU
77
  • Rogadius asper L.
Kata morbaila (কাটা মোরবাইলা) Thorny flathead LP, VU
Cynoglossidae
78
  • Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepede)
Kukurjib, Khongi (কুকুরজিব/ খংগী) Fourlined tonguesole LP, VU
79 Kukurjib, Khongi (কুকুরজিব/ খংগী) Long tonguesole LP, VU
Synbranchidae
80 Kuchia (কুচিয়া) Mud eel EX
Moringuidae
81
  • Moringua raitabrura (Hamilton)
Ratabaura (রাতাবাউরা) Purple Spaghetti-eell EX
Anabantidae
82 Koi (কই) Walking fish
83 Kholisha (খলিশা) Stripled Gourami
Belonidae
84 Kakila, Kaikhya (কাকিঁলা) Freshwater Garfish
Centropomidae   
85 Chanda,Nama Chanda (চান্দা, নামা চান্দা) Elongate Glass-perchlet
86 Kata Chanda (কাঁটা চান্দা) Indian Glassy Fish
Mastacembelidae   
87 Guchi Baim, Chirka (গুচি বাইম) Striped spiny Eel
88 Baim,  Sal Baim (বাইম, শাল বাইম) Tite-track Spiny Eel
Sciaenidae
89 koitor poa (কইতর পোয়া)  Coitor Croaker
90
  • Otolithoides pama (Hamilton)
Poa,  Bola (পোয়া, বোলা) Pama Croaker
Channidae
91 Taki, Lata (টাকি, লাটা) Spotted Snakehead
92 Shol (শোল) Snakehead Murrel
93 Gajar, Gajal (গাজর, গজাল) Giant Snakehead
94 Cheng, Raga (চ্যাঁং) Walking snakehead
Heteropneustidae  
95 Shing, Jiol (শিং, জিওল) Stinging catfish
Clariidae
96 Magur (মাগুর) Walking catfish

Here, LP= less production; VU= Vulnerable; EX= Extinct

REFERENCES:

Ahmed N. 1953. Fish Fauna of East Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Science, 1: 18-24

Ahmed N. 1955. Certainobservation and the spawning of major carps in the Halda of Chittagong (East Pakistan). Journal of Zoological Society, India, 1: 101-105

IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Bangladesh 2000. Red Book of Threatened Fishes of Bangladesh. IUCN- The world Conservation Union. 116p

Rahman MK , Akhter JN, 2006. Ichthyodiversity in the rivers and estuaries of Chittagong division division: a review. Journal of the Bangladesh Society for Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(1&2): 189-196

Rahman MK , Akhter JN, Majid MA, Jahangir MS and Nima A. 2007. Natural spawning of major carps in the River Halda, Chittagong, Bangladesh: present status, problems, management and development. Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensing. 8-11p

Website: www.haldariver.org | Wikipedia Bangla | Google Maps


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Fishes of the River Halda

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S.M. Abu Naser

MS Student, Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. Email: smanaser@gmail.com; smanaser@bdfish.org. More...

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